With the original mysql docker image (5.7), I could not use a (CIFS-) mounted volume for /var/lib/mysql because the image tried to do an ssl_rsa setup which requires setting Unix access (filesystem) permissions.

A solution is to remove the /usr/bin/mysql_ssl_rsa_setup executable from the image. If this file is not present, the mysql image will skip the step that is incompatible with a folder /var/lib/mysql that does not support Unix file permissions.